Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review

Apresentação: Gênero e democracia com enfoque interdisciplinar

Cristina Scheibe Wolff, Elaine Schmitt — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Attacks and censorship of teachers who discuss gender in basic education in the interior of the state of Santa Catarina

Assis Menin — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This paper aims to demonstrate how the rise and influence of a radicalized right-wing, with neoliberal and neoconservative characteristics, at a global level, has impacted discussions of gender and sexual difference in schools in the interior of Santa Catarina (Brazil) from the emergence of an anti-gender ideology. This paper also presents how this local attack occurs, what are its strategies (devices), and what the impact of these actions is on the community and individuals belonging to it. Using the Oral History approach and adopting a multi-situated research methodology, we interviewed teachers from the 6 regions of the state of Santa Catarina. These attacks have occurred (and continue to occur) in an organized manner through censorship and persecution on sociotechnical networks, by politicians, religious leaders, the press, and the school community itself when addressing the issue in question. We also point out that the intention of neoconservatism is to silence these issues in the classroom. However, this attempt to censor and prohibit has had the opposite and positive effect of increasing students' desire to learn more and the resistance of teachers to these attacks.

"Who has the power to choose the history?": reports and reflections on the production of women photojournalists in Brazil

Elaine Schmitt — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The research its about women’s photojournalistic coverage which reflect by a certain logic that can be considered producers of non-regulatory frameworks of a political and social real- ity. These are frameworks that somehow break with what would be authorized by the ruling state, according to the thinking proposed by Judith Butler (2015). The epistemological perspective of Gender Studies and the theoretical basis of Women's History contribute to for this reflection, which focuses on two historical periods marked by censorship and hostility: the Brazilian military dicta- torship (1964 - 1985), a time when the curtailment of civil society rights was established, falling very heavily on the country's press; and the period comprising the presidential mandate of Jair M. Bolsonaro (2018-2022). It was an episode in recent history that recalls characteristics of the 1970s, such as the encouragement of authority, conservatism and violence. Throughout the discus- sion, excerpts from four interviews are presented, one of which (Beth Cruz) came from a more extensive study using Oral History methodology (Schmitt, 2022), which allowed us to observe that certain photographic experiences operate as a kind of resistance to the image that has been done and continues to be constructed about the country. In addition, we present accounts by Gabriela Biló, Elvira Alegre and Nair Benedicto. All the interviews was collected from academic publications available online: the first two are from university laboratories and the third from a scientific journal. It is believed that the images produced by these women can be seen as a way of challenging images that have become icons of certain political periods and that are still in constant dispute for the position of "true" history.

Social movements and pandemic: consequences of the Covid-19 on the social movements

Mateus Gustavo Coelho — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The #Elenão movement, organized the largest manifestations of a feminist nature that occurred in the Brazilian history, making evident the "popularization" of feminism in different layers of Brazilian society. This movement, for many, was considered as a kind of thermometer for what would be the coming years of social movements in our country. But what was seen in the following years was a massive decrease in street protests, generating an impression of a demobilization on the part of social movements, which was further accentuated by COVID-19. Far beyond a collective impression of demobilization of social movements in our country and a lack of resistance movements against the government of Jair Bolsonaro, what we perceive is that many movements continued with their struggles, putting their issues on the agenda and bringing to the discussion in our society the consequences caused by the pandemic.

Political participation of women in spaces of social control: what is the importance of Municipal Councils for Woman's Rights in Santa Catarina and Brazil?

Cecilia Koerich, Janine Gomes da Silva — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study seeks to promote a debate on the Municipal Councils for Woman's Rights of the state of Santa Catarina and contemporary Brazil. It is known that the Rights Councils represent a possibility for community participation concerning public policies and their social control. The Rights Councils are bodies administratively linked to the Executive Branch and operate in the three spheres of the federation. Thus, the Rights Councils are spaces for important action by civil society, which dialogues and works with public authorities in a consultative, deliberative, and supervisory sense of public policies. This body is guaranteed by the 1988 National Constitution and by specific legislation, according to the specificity of each Council. In this context, in this study, we promote a debate on the limits and possibilities of action of Women's Rights Councils in our country, based on their historicity and the challenges in guaranteeing the promotion of public policies that include the female population. To this end, Feminist Studies is used as a theoretical and methodological contribution to this study, as the perspective offered by Feminist Studies allows a critical analysis of a History that is seen as universal and monolithic, as it yearns for other ways of producing knowledge.

The “babassu-nut breaker” identity as a symbol of belonging within palmland territorialization

Danillo Vaz Costa, Roberto Porro, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka Porro — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Gender and territory are intertwined in the debate on social power relations, being fun- damental concepts for understanding the reality of the Brazilian peasantry. This article reflects on the processes of territorialization of women's organizations of babassu-nut breakers based on their practices and agreements for access, use and management of babassu palms in the Médio Mearim territory, Maranhão state. The article highlights the connection between studies of gender and the peasantry based on the reality of the work of babassu-nut breakers, as well as discusses develop- ments in the application of the Free Babassu Law in the territoriality of women and their struggle for enhancing the value of gathering and breaking babassu. The study concluded that practices and access and use agreements in the context related to babassu management result in the construction of a territory in which territoriality is marked by power relations. In addition, the study concluded that the trajectory of babassu-nut breakers indicates that reterritorializing unequal fields from a gender perspective is the most important step to build more effective public policies, since social inequality in the countryside will only be overcome if gender inequality is subdued.

Naturalization patterns and social mobility strategies: political representation among immigrant elites in southern Brazil during the Second Reign.

Patrícia Bosenbecker — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This work explores the possible political participation of immigrants during the Second Reign, as well as their possible patterns of social mobility, in the city of Rio Grande, in the extreme south of Rio Grande do Sul. The city of Rio Grande was, and still is, the main port in the extreme south of Brazil. The immigrants studied were the Germans and the English, who dominated port trade in a city with a strong Portuguese presence. As large and medium traders, Germans and English, formed what we consider groups of immigrant elites. We assume that political participation strategies can be considered forms of social mobility among immigrants, and we evaluate in this article the possible patterns of political participation of the groups studied, especially the cases of naturalization of foreigners who worked in large commerce and possible changes in naturalization patterns with the proximity of the Brazilian Republic. Finally, we also highlight their positions as consular representatives in the region, with a marked connection between consular agents and large companies established in the city.

Immigrant identities in artistic and literary creation: the case of Tomasz Łychowski

Renata Siuda-Ambroziak, Anna Jamrozek-Sowa — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The objective of the article is to present the process of identity construction of Tomasz Łychowski, a post-war immigrant in Brazil, a refugee from nazism and communism, based on the analysis of his artistic works (literary creation and painting) and his biography. Tomasz Łychowski is an Angolan-Polish-German, naturalized Brazilian, who arrived in Brazil as a child accompanying his parents - DPs (German mother, an activist of the Polish anti-Nazi opposition movement, and Polish father – a soldier of the Clandestine Polish State Army, AK, linked to the anti-communist Polish government in exile in London). Distancing himself from the model of “identity suffering” typical of most first-generation immigrants, Tomasz Łychowski gratefully accepts his Brazilian destination and takes full advantage of the great richness of his multicultural, multi-ethnic and multi-identity background, searching for his own private universe (closely linked to his religious conversion and official Catholic affiliation assumed as an adult), with his various identities not opposing each other, but complementing and mutually enriching each other.

Evolution of Organized Criminal Groups in Colombia and Mexico on the Example of “Bandas Criminales”

Aleksandra Jargiełło — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The article aims to analyse the evolution of organized criminal groups in Colombia and Mexico in terms of their specifics, organizational structure and modus operandi on the example of the new research category “bandas criminales” (BACRIM). The article presents the semantics of the expression BACRIM and the meaning assigned to it sequentially in Colombia in Mexico. The article answers the question: given the characteristics of contemporary organized criminal groups in these countries, can we consider that BACRIM constitute a new entity in the criminal world? The author poses the thesis, that criminal groups in Colombia and Mexico have evolved towards a certain model, characterized primarily by fragmentation and networking of structures, which represents a new quality and challenge for the authorities of these countries in ensuring public security.